What are the different types of delays available in SystemVerilog? When would you use each type?

In SystemVerilog, there are four types of delays that can be used to model the timing behavior of a hardware system: inertial, transport, pure, and delay control. Each type of delay is used under different circumstances and has its own characteristics.

1. Inertial delay: An inertial delay is used to model the behavior of a signal that is changing from one value to another over a period of time. Inertial delays are specified using the “inertial” keyword and are denoted using the “#<" operator. Inertial delays are useful for modeling signals that have a certain minimum duration, such as clock signals, or for modeling signals that are affected by noise or glitches.

#<10ns signal = 1'b0;

2. Transport delay: A transport delay is used to model the behavior of a signal that changes immediately from one value to another. Transport delays are specified using the "transport" keyword and are denoted using the "#" operator. Transport delays are useful for modeling combinational logic or for modeling signals that change immediately in response to an event.

#signal = 1'b0;

3. Pure delay: A pure delay is used to model the behavior of a signal that is delayed by a fixed amount of time, regardless of the signal's value or transitions. Pure delays are specified using the "pure" keyword and are denoted using the "#=" operator. Pure delays are useful for modeling fixed delays in a system, such as delays caused by wires or gates.

#=10ns signal = 1'b0;

4. Delay control: A delay control is used to control the timing of a statement or a block of code. Delay controls are specified using the "wait" or "repeat" keywords and are denoted using the "#" operator. Delay controls are useful for controlling the timing of events in a simulation, such as clock cycles or input stimuli.

wait (#10ns);

Overall, the different types of delays in SystemVerilog are used to model the timing behavior of a hardware system and to control the timing of events in a simulation. The type of delay used depends on the specific behavior that needs to be modeled or controlled, and each type of delay has its own advantages and use cases.