Exception handling in Groovy

Exception handling is used in Groovy to handle errors and other exceptional conditions that may occur during program execution. Here’s how to use exception handling in Groovy:

1. try-catch blocks: A try-catch block is used to catch and handle exceptions that may occur during program execution. In Groovy, you can use the `try` keyword followed by the block of code that may throw an exception, and then use the `catch` keyword followed by the exception type and a block of code to handle the exception. Here’s an example:

try {
    def x = 10 / 0
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    println("An error occurred: ${e.message}")
}

In this example, we use a try-catch block to catch and handle an `ArithmeticException` that may occur when we try to divide 10 by 0. If the exception is thrown, the catch block will be executed and the error message will be printed to the console.

2. finally blocks: A finally block is used to execute code that must be executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. In Groovy, you can use the `finally` keyword followed by a block of code to execute the code in the finally block. Here’s an example:

try {
    // some code that may throw an exception
} catch (Exception e) {
    // handle the exception
} finally {
    // code that must beexecuted regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not
}

In this example, we use a `finally` block to execute some code that must be executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. This can be useful for releasing resources, closing files or connections, or performing other cleanup tasks.

3. Throwing exceptions: You can also use exceptions to signal errors or other exceptional conditions in your code. In Groovy, you can throw an exception using the `throw` keyword followed by an instance of an exception class. Here’s an example:

class MyException extends Exception {}

try {
    throw new MyException("An error occurred.")
} catch (MyException e) {
    println("An error occurred: ${e.message}")
}

In this example, we define a custom exception class called `MyException` that extends the built-in `Exception` class. We then use a try-catch block to throw and catch an instance of the `MyException` class, and print the error message to the console.

Exception handling is an important concept in Groovy programming, and it allows you to handle errors and other exceptional conditions in a graceful and predictable way. By using try-catch and finally blocks, as well as throwing exceptions, you can create code that is more robust, reliable, and maintainable.