Control structures in Go are used to control the flow of a program. Here’s an overview of the control structures in Go:
1. If statements: If statements are used to execute code based on a condition. In Go, if statements are declared using the `if` keyword, followed by the condition and the code to execute if the condition is true. For example:
``
if x > 10 {
fmt.Println("x is greater than 10")
}
`
2. If-else statements: If-else statements are used to execute code based on a condition that has two possible outcomes. In Go, if-else statements are declared using the `if` keyword, followed by the condition and the code to execute if the condition is true, and the `else` keyword, followed by the code to execute if the condition is false. For example:
``
if x > 10 {
fmt.Println("x is greater than 10")
} else {
fmt.Println("x is less than or equal to 10")
}
`
3. Switch statements: Switch statements are used to execute code based on a variable or expression that can take on multiple values. In Go, switch statements are declared using the `switch` keyword, followed by the variable or expression to switch on, and a series of `case` statements that define the code to execute for each possible value. For example:
``
switch day {
case "Monday":
fmt.Println("It's Monday")
case "Tuesday":
fmt.Println("It's Tuesday")
default:
fmt.Println("It's a different day")
}
`
4. For loops: For loops are used to execute code repeatedly for a fixed number of times or until a condition is met. In Go, for loops are declared using the `for` keyword, followed by the initialization statement, the condition, and the post statement. For example:
``
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
fmt.Println(i)
}
`
5. Range loops: Range loops are used to iterate over a collection of values, such as an array, slice, or map. In Go, range loops are declared using the `range` keyword, followed by the collection to iterate over and the code to execute for each value. For example:
``
nums := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
for _, num := range nums {
fmt.Println(num)
}
`
6. Break and continue statements: Break and continue statements can be used to control the flow of a loop. The `break` statement is used to exit a loop, while the `continue` statement is used to skip the current iteration and move on to the next one.
Understanding control structures is essential for writing effective andefficient Go code. Control structures allow you to control the flow of your program and make it more flexible and responsive to different situations. By using if statements, switch statements, for loops, and other control structures, you can create dynamic programs that can adapt to changing conditions and input.