Control structures (if, switch, loops) in C#

In C#, control structures are used to control the flow of execution in a program. Here are some of the key control structures in C#:

1. If statements: If statements are used to test a condition and execute a block of code if the condition is true. The basic syntax for an if statement is:

if (condition)
{
    // code to execute if condition is true
}

For example:

int x = 10;
if (x > 5)
{
    Console.WriteLine("x is greater than 5");
}

2. Else statements: Else statements are used with if statements to execute a block of code if the condition is false. The basic syntax for an else statement is:

if (condition)
{
    // code to execute if condition is true
}
else
{
    // code to execute if condition is false
}

For example:

int x = 3;
if (x > 5)
{
    Console.WriteLine("x is greater than 5");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("x is less than or equal to 5");
}

3. Switch statements: Switch statements are used to test a variable against a series of values and execute a block of code if the value matches. The basic syntax for a switch statement is:

switch (variable)
{
    case value1:
        // code to execute if variable == value1
        break;
    casevalue2:
        // code to execute if variable == value2
        break;
    default:
        // code to execute if variable does not match any of the cases
        break;
}

For example:

int x = 2;
switch (x)
{
    case 1:
        Console.WriteLine("x is equal to 1");
        break;
    case 2:
        Console.WriteLine("x is equal to 2");
        break;
    default:
        Console.WriteLine("x is not equal to 1 or 2");
        break;
}

4. While loops: While loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly while a condition is true. The basic syntax for a while loop is:

while (condition)
{
    // code to execute while condition is true
}

For example:

int x = 1;
while (x <= 10)
{
    Console.WriteLine(x);
    x++;
}

This code will print the numbers 1 through 10 to the console.

5. For loops: For loops are used to execute a block of code a fixed number of times. The basic syntax for a for loop is:

for (initialization; condition; increment)
{
    // code to execute each iteration
}

For example:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    Console.WriteLine(i);
}

This code willprint the numbers 0 through 9 to the console.

6. Foreach loops: Foreach loops are used to iterate over the elements of a collection, such as an array or a list. The basic syntax for a foreach loop is:

foreach (type variable in collection)
{
    // code to execute for each element in the collection
}

For example:

int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
foreach (int number in numbers)
{
    Console.WriteLine(number);
}

This code will print the numbers 1 through 5 to the console.

Control structures are fundamental to writing effective and efficient C# code. By using the right control structures, you can control the flow of execution in your program and perform complex operations with ease.