Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a JK flip-flop circuit: module jk_ff (output reg q, input j, k, clk, reset); always @(posedge clk, negedge reset) begin if (!reset) begin q <= 1’b0; end else begin if (j && !k) begin q <= 1’b1; end else if (!j && k) begin q <= 1’b0; end … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 4-bit up/down counter circuit: module up_down_counter (output reg [3:0] out, input clk, input up, input down, input reset); always @(posedge clk, negedge reset) begin if (!reset) begin out <= 4’b0000; end else if (up) begin out <= out + 1; end else if (down) begin out <= … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 4-bit shift register circuit with a parallel load: module shift_reg (output reg [3:0] out, input [3:0] in, input shift, input load); always @(*) begin if (load) out = in; else if (shift) out = {out[2:0], 1’b0}; end endmodule This code defines a module called “shift_reg” that implements … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 4-to-1 multiplexer circuit: module mux4to1 (output reg out, input [3:0] in, input [1:0] select); always @(*) begin case (select) 2’b00: out = in[0]; 2’b01: out = in[1]; 2’b10: out = in[2]; 2’b11: out = in[3]; endcase end endmodule This code defines a module called “mux4to1” that implements … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 2-to-1 multiplexer circuit: module mux2to1 (output reg out, input in0, in1, select); always @(*) begin if (select == 0) out = in0; else out = in1; end endmodule This code defines a module called “mux2to1” that implements a 2-to-1 multiplexer. The output “out” is a registered output, … Read more
Verilog formal verification techniques are used to ensure that a Verilog design is functionally correct and meets its design specifications. Formal verification techniques are based on mathematical algorithms and logic analysis, and they can be used to verify design properties such as functional correctness, safety, and completeness. Here are some common Verilog formal verification techniques: … Read more
Timing constraints are a critical aspect of Verilog design, and they are used to ensure that a design meets its performance requirements. Timing constraints specify the timing characteristics of a design, including maximum and minimum delays, setup and hold times, and clock frequency. Here are some common timing constraints in Verilog: 1. Clock frequency (in … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 4-bit magnitude comparator circuit: module magnitude_comparator( input [3:0] A, input [3:0] B, output reg EQ, output reg GT, output reg LT ); always @(A, B) begin if (A == B) begin EQ = 1; GT = 0; LT = 0; end else if (A > B) begin … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a 4-bit full adder circuit: module full_adder( input A, input B, input C_in, output S, output C_out ); wire sum1, sum2, carry1, carry2; // First stage xor(sum1, A, B); and(carry1, A, B); // Second stage xor(S, sum1, C_in); and(sum2, sum1, C_in); or(carry2, carry1, sum2); assign C_out = carry2; … Read more
Here’s an example Verilog code to implement a D flip-flop circuit: module dflipflop( input D, input CLK, output Q, output Q_bar ); reg Q_next; always @(posedge CLK) begin Q <= Q_next; Q_bar <= Q_next; end always @(D) begin Q_next <= D; end endmodule In this Verilog code, the `dflipflop` module takes one input `D`, one … Read more